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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="Bus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bus (disambiguation)">Bus (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

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<p>A <b>bus</b> (contracted from <b>omnibus</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with variants <b>multibus</b>, <b>motorbus</b>, <b>autobus</b>, etc.) is a <a href="Motor_vehicle" title="Motor vehicle">motor vehicle</a> that carries significantly more <a href="Passenger" title="Passenger">passengers</a> than an average <a href="Car" title="Car">car</a> or <a href="Van" title="Van">van</a>, but fewer than the average <a href="Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">rail transport</a>. It is most commonly used in <a href="Public_transport" title="Public transport">public transport</a>, but is also in use for <a href="Charter#Other_usages" title="Charter">charter</a> purposes, or through private ownership. Although the average bus carries between 30 and 100 passengers, some buses have a capacity of up to 300 passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-Jongo_News_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jongo_News-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most common type is the <a href="Single-deck_bus" title="Single-deck bus">single-deck</a> rigid bus, with <a href="Double-decker_bus" title="Double-decker bus">double-decker</a> and <a href="Articulated_bus" title="Articulated bus">articulated buses</a> carrying larger loads, and <a href="Midibus" title="Midibus">midibuses</a> and <a href="Minibus" title="Minibus">minibuses</a> carrying smaller loads. <a href="Coach_(vehicle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coach (vehicle)">Coaches</a> are used for longer-distance services. Many types of buses, such as city transit buses and inter-city coaches, charge a fare. Other types, such as elementary or secondary <a href="School_bus" title="School bus">school buses</a> or <a href="Shuttle_bus" title="Shuttle bus">shuttle buses</a> within a post-secondary education campus, are free. In many jurisdictions, <a href="Bus_driver" title="Bus driver">bus drivers</a> require a special <a href="Commercial_driver's_license" title="Commercial driver's license">large vehicle licence</a> above and beyond a regular <a href="Driving_license" class="mw-redirect" title="Driving license">driving license</a>.

</p><p>Buses may be used for <a href="Public_transport_bus_service" title="Public transport bus service">scheduled bus transport</a>, <a href="Scheduled_coach_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduled coach transport">scheduled coach transport</a>, <a href="School_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="School transport">school transport</a>, private hire, or <a href="Tour_bus_service" title="Tour bus service">tourism</a>; promotional buses may be used for <a href="Political_campaign" title="Political campaign">political campaigns</a> and others are privately operated for a wide range of purposes, including rock and pop band tour vehicles.

</p><p><a href="Horsebus" title="Horsebus">Horse-drawn buses</a> were used from the 1820s, followed by <a href="Steam_bus" title="Steam bus">steam buses</a> in the 1830s, and electric <a href="Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolleybuses</a> in 1882. The first <a href="Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">internal combustion engine</a> buses, or motor buses, were used in 1895.<sup id="cite_ref-Eckermann2001_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eckermann2001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recently, interest has been growing in <a href="Hybrid_electric_bus" title="Hybrid electric bus">hybrid electric buses</a>, <a href="Fuel_cell_bus" title="Fuel cell bus">fuel cell buses</a>, and <a href="Electric_bus" title="Electric bus">electric buses</a>, as well as buses powered by <a href="Compressed_natural_gas" title="Compressed natural gas">compressed natural gas</a> or <a href="Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel">biodiesel</a>. As of the 2010s, <a href="Bus_manufacturing" title="Bus manufacturing">bus manufacturing</a> is increasingly <a href="Globalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Globalisation">globalised</a>, with the same designs appearing around the world.

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<p>The word <i>bus</i> is a <a href="Clipping_(morphology)" title="Clipping (morphology)">shortened</a> form of the Latin <a href="Adjective" title="Adjective">adjectival form</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">omnibus</i></span> ("for all"), the <a href="Dative" class="mw-redirect" title="Dative">dative</a> plural of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">omnis/omne</i></span> ("all").<sup id="cite_ref-Cassell_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cassell-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The theoretical full name is in French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">voiture omnibus</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ("vehicle for all"). The name originates from a mass-transport service started in 1823 by a French corn-mill owner named Stanislas Baudry in Richebourg, a suburb of <a href="Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a>. A by-product of his mill was hot water, and thus next to it he established a <a href="Spa" title="Spa">spa</a> business. In order to encourage customers he started a horse-drawn transport service from the city centre of Nantes to his establishment. The first vehicles stopped in front of the shop of a hatter named Omnés, which displayed a large sign inscribed "Omnes Omnibus", a pun on his Latin-sounding surname, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">omnes</i></span> being the masculine and feminine nominative, vocative and accusative form of the Latin adjective <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">omnis/-e</i></span> ("all"),<sup id="cite_ref-Cassell_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cassell-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> combined with <i>omnibus</i>, the dative plural form meaning "for all", thus giving his shop the name "Omnés for all", or "everything for everyone".

</p><p>His transport scheme was a huge success, although not as he had intended as most of his passengers did not visit his spa. He turned the transport service into his principal lucrative business venture and closed the mill and spa.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nantes citizens soon gave the nickname "omnibus" to the vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having invented the successful concept Baudry moved to Paris and launched the first omnibus service there in April 1828.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar service was introduced in <a href="John_Greenwood_(bus_operator)" title="John Greenwood (bus operator)">Manchester</a> in 1824 and in London in 1829.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFierro19961031_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFierro19961031-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-amtuir_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amtuir-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Steam_buses">Steam buses</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Steam_bus" title="Steam bus">Steam bus</a></div>

<p>Regular intercity bus services by steam-powered buses were pioneered in England in the 1830s by <a href="Walter_Hancock" title="Walter Hancock">Walter Hancock</a> and by associates of <a href="Goldsworthy_Gurney" title="Goldsworthy Gurney">Sir Goldsworthy Gurney</a>, among others, running reliable services over road conditions which were too hazardous for horse-drawn transportation.

</p><p>The first mechanically propelled omnibus appeared on the streets of London on 22 April 1833.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Steam carriages were much less likely to overturn, they travelled faster than horse-drawn carriages, they were much cheaper to run, and caused much less damage to the road surface due to their wide tyres.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>However, the heavy road <a href="Toll_road" title="Toll road">tolls</a> imposed by the <a href="Turnpike_trusts" class="mw-redirect" title="Turnpike trusts">turnpike trusts</a> discouraged steam road vehicles and left the way clear for the horse bus companies, and from 1861 onwards, harsh legislation virtually eliminated mechanically propelled vehicles from the roads of Great Britain for 30 years, the <a href="Locomotive_Act_1861" class="mw-redirect" title="Locomotive Act 1861">Locomotive Act 1861</a> imposing restrictive speed limits on "road locomotives" of 5 mph (8.0 km/h) in towns and cities, and 10 mph (16 km/h) in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trolleybuses">Trolleybuses</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">Trolleybus</a></div>

<p>In parallel to the development of the bus was the invention of the electric trolleybus, typically fed through <a href="Trolley_pole" title="Trolley pole">trolley poles</a> by <a href="Overhead_line" title="Overhead line">overhead wires</a>. The Siemens brothers, <a href="William_Siemens" class="mw-redirect" title="William Siemens">William</a> in England and <a href="Ernst_Werner_von_Siemens" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernst Werner von Siemens">Ernst Werner</a> in Germany, collaborated on the development of the trolleybus concept. Sir William first proposed the idea in an article to the <i><a href="Royal_Society_of_Arts" title="Royal Society of Arts">Journal of the Society of Arts</a></i> in 1881 as an "...arrangement by which an ordinary omnibus...would have a suspender thrown at intervals from one side of the street to the other, and two wires hanging from these suspenders; allowing contact rollers to run on these two wires, the current could be conveyed to the tram-car, and back again to the dynamo machine at the station, without the necessity of running upon rails at all."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The first such vehicle, the <a href="Electromote" title="Electromote">Electromote</a>, was made by his brother Ernst Werner von Siemens and presented to the public in 1882 in <a href="Halensee" title="Halensee">Halensee</a>, <a href="German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although this experimental vehicle fulfilled all the technical criteria of a typical trolleybus, it was dismantled in the same year after the demonstration.<sup id="cite_ref-CSDunbar_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSDunbar-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Max Schiemann opened a passenger-carrying trolleybus in 1901 near <a href="Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a>, in Germany. Although this system operated only until 1904, Schiemann had developed what is now the standard trolleybus current collection system. In the early days, a few other methods of current collection were used. <a href="Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a> and <a href="Bradford" title="Bradford">Bradford</a> became the first cities to put trolleybuses into service in Great Britain on 20 June 1911.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motor_buses">Motor buses</h3></div>

<p>In <a href="Siegerland" title="Siegerland">Siegerland</a>, Germany, two passenger bus lines ran briefly, but unprofitably, in 1895 using a six-passenger motor carriage developed from the 1893 <a href="Benz_Viktoria" title="Benz Viktoria">Benz Viktoria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Eckermann2001_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eckermann2001-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another commercial bus line using the same model Benz omnibuses ran for a short time in 1898 in the rural area around <a href="Llandudno" title="Llandudno">Llandudno</a>, Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-Ward1974_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ward1974-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Germany's <a href="Daimler_Motoren_Gesellschaft" title="Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft">Daimler Motors Corporation</a> also produced one of the earliest motor-bus models in 1898, selling a double-decker bus to the Motor Traction Company which was first used on the streets of London on 23 April 1898.<sup id="cite_ref-Daimler_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daimler-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vehicle had a maximum speed of 18 km/h (11.2 mph) and accommodated up to 20 passengers, in an enclosed area below and on an open-air platform above. With the success and popularity of this bus, DMG expanded production, selling more buses to companies in London and, in 1899, to Stockholm and <a href="Speyer" title="Speyer">Speyer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Daimler_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daimler-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daimler Motors Corporation also entered into a partnership with the British company Milnes and developed a new double-decker in 1902 that became the market standard.

</p><p>The first mass-produced bus model was the <a href="LGOC_B-type" title="LGOC B-type">B-type</a> <a href="Double-decker_bus" title="Double-decker bus">double-decker bus</a>, designed by <a href="Frank_Searle_(businessman)" title="Frank Searle (businessman)">Frank Searle</a> and operated by the <a href="London_General_Omnibus_Company" title="London General Omnibus Company">London General Omnibus Company</a>—it entered service in 1910, and almost 3,000 had been built by the end of the decade. Hundreds of them saw military service on the <a href="Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a> during the <a href="First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The <a href="Yellow_Coach_Manufacturing_Company" title="Yellow Coach Manufacturing Company">Yellow Coach Manufacturing Company</a>, which rapidly became a major manufacturer of buses in the US, was founded in Chicago in 1923 by <a href="John_D._Hertz" title="John D. Hertz">John D. Hertz</a>. <a href="General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> purchased a majority stake in 1925 and changed its name to the Yellow Truck and Coach Manufacturing Company. GM purchased the balance of the shares in 1943 to form the <a href="GMC_(Truck)" class="mw-redirect" title="GMC (Truck)">GM Truck and Coach Division</a>.

</p><p>Models expanded in the 20th century, leading to the widespread introduction of the contemporary recognizable form of full-sized buses from the 1950s. The <a href="AEC_Routemaster" title="AEC Routemaster">AEC Routemaster</a>, developed in the 1950s, was a pioneering design and remains an icon of London to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The innovative design used lightweight aluminium and techniques developed in aircraft production during <a href="World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As well as a novel weight-saving integral design, it also introduced for the first time on a bus <a href="Independent_suspension" title="Independent suspension">independent front suspension</a>, <a href="Power_steering" title="Power steering">power steering</a>, a fully <a href="Automatic_gearbox" class="mw-redirect" title="Automatic gearbox">automatic gearbox</a>, and <a href="Hydraulic_brake" title="Hydraulic brake">power-hydraulic braking</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-routemasterorghome_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-routemasterorghome-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gallery">Gallery</h4></div>

<div class="gallerytext">The first ever internal combustion omnibus, introduced in 1895 (<a href="Siegen" title="Siegen">Siegen</a> to <a href="Netphen" title="Netphen">Netphen</a>)</div>

</li>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">A 1912 Daimler CC Bus, one of five (English) <a href="Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler Company</a> buses exported to Australia</div>

</li>

</ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2></div>

<p>Formats include <a href="Single-decker_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-decker bus">single-decker bus</a>, double-decker bus (both usually with a rigid chassis) and <a href="Articulated_bus" title="Articulated bus">articulated bus</a> (or 'bendy-bus') the prevalence of which varies from country to country. High-capacity <a href="Bi-articulated_bus" title="Bi-articulated bus">bi-articulated buses</a> are also manufactured, and passenger-carrying trailers—either towed behind a rigid bus (a <a href="Trailer_(vehicle)" title="Trailer (vehicle)">bus trailer</a>) or hauled as a trailer by a truck (a <a href="Trailer_bus" title="Trailer bus">trailer bus</a>). Smaller <a href="Midibus" title="Midibus">midibuses</a> have a lower capacity and <a href="Open-top_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-top bus">open-top buses</a> are typically used for leisure purposes. In many new fleets, particularly in local transit systems, a shift to <a href="Low-floor_bus" title="Low-floor bus">low-floor buses</a> is occurring, primarily for easier accessibility. <a href="Coach_(bus)" title="Coach (bus)">Coaches</a> are designed for longer-distance travel and are typically fitted with individual high-backed reclining seats, seat belts, toilets, and <a href="Audio-visual" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio-visual">audio-visual</a> entertainment systems, and can operate at higher speeds with more capacity for luggage. Coaches may be single- or double-deckers, articulated, and often include a separate luggage compartment under the passenger floor. <a href="Guided_bus" title="Guided bus">Guided buses</a> are fitted with technology to allow them to run in designated guideways, allowing the controlled alignment at bus stops and less space taken up by guided lanes than conventional roads or <a href="Bus_lane" title="Bus lane">bus lanes</a>.

</p><p><a href="Bus_manufacturing" title="Bus manufacturing">Bus manufacturing</a> may be by a single company (an integral manufacturer), or by one manufacturer's building a bus body over a chassis produced by another manufacturer.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accessibility">Accessibility</h3></div>

<p>During most of the 20th century, <a href="Transit_bus" title="Transit bus">transit buses</a> were almost exclusively <a href="High-floor" title="High-floor">high-floor</a> vehicles, and they used <a href="Wheelchair_lift" title="Wheelchair lift">wheelchair lifts</a> if they provided accessibility at all. (In the U.S., only in 1993 did accessibility become a requirement in all new buses, under the federal <a href="Americans_with_Disabilities_Act_of_1990" title="Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990">Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990</a>.)<sup id="cite_ref-getting_on_board_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-getting_on_board-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, they are now increasingly of <a href="Low-floor_bus" title="Low-floor bus">low-floor</a> design and optionally also 'kneel' <a href="Air_suspension" title="Air suspension">air suspension</a> and have ramps to provide access for <a href="Wheelchair" title="Wheelchair">wheelchair</a> users and people with <a href="Baby_transport" title="Baby transport">baby carriages</a>, sometimes as electrically or hydraulically extended under-floor constructs for level access. Prior to more general use of such technology, these wheelchair users could only use specialist <a href="Paratransit" title="Paratransit">para-transit</a> mobility buses.

</p><p>Accessible vehicles also have wider entrances and interior gangways and space for wheelchairs. Interior fittings and <a href="Rollsign" class="mw-redirect" title="Rollsign">destination displays</a> may also be designed to be usable by the <a href="Visually_impaired" class="mw-redirect" title="Visually impaired">visually impaired</a>. Coaches generally still use wheelchair lifts instead of low-floor designs. In some countries, vehicles are required to have these features by <a href="Disability_discrimination_act" title="Disability discrimination act">disability discrimination laws</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Configuration">Configuration</h3></div>

<p>Buses were initially configured with an engine in the front and an entrance at the rear. With the transition to one-person operation, many manufacturers moved to mid- or rear-engined designs, with a single door at the front or multiple doors. The move to the low-floor design has all but eliminated the mid-engined design, although some coaches still have mid-mounted engines. Front-engined buses still persist for niche markets such as American school buses, some minibuses, and buses in less developed countries, which may be derived from truck chassis, rather than purpose-built bus designs. Most buses have two <a href="Axles" class="mw-redirect" title="Axles">axles</a>, while articulated buses have three.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guidance">Guidance</h3></div>

<p><a href="Guided_bus" title="Guided bus">Guided buses</a> are fitted with technology to allow them to run in designated guideways, allowing the controlled alignment at bus stops and less space taken up by guided lanes than conventional roads or <a href="Bus_lane" title="Bus lane">bus lanes</a>. Guidance can be mechanical, optical, or electromagnetic. Extensions of the guided technology include the <a href="Bombardier_Guided_Light_Transit" title="Bombardier Guided Light Transit">Guided Light Transit</a> and <a href="Translohr" title="Translohr">Translohr</a> systems, although these are more often termed 'rubber-tyred trams' as they have limited or no mobility away from their guideways.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liveries">Liveries</h3></div>

<p><a href="Transit_bus" title="Transit bus">Transit buses</a> are normally painted to identify the operator or a route, function, or to demarcate low-cost or premium service buses. Liveries may be painted onto the vehicle, applied using adhesive <a href="Vinyl_(fabric)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinyl (fabric)">vinyl</a> technologies, or using <a href="Decal" title="Decal">decals</a>. Vehicles often also carry <a href="Bus_advertising" title="Bus advertising">bus advertising</a> or part or all of their visible surfaces (as <a href="Mobile_billboard" title="Mobile billboard">mobile billboard</a>). <a href="Campaign_bus" title="Campaign bus">Campaign buses</a> may be decorated with key campaign messages; these can be to promote an event or initiative.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Propulsion">Propulsion</h3></div>

<p>The most common power source since the 1920s has been the <a href="Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">diesel engine</a>. Early buses, known as trolleybuses, were powered by electricity supplied from <a href="Overhead_lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Overhead lines">overhead lines</a>. Nowadays, electric buses often carry their own battery, which is sometimes <a href="Phileas_(public_transport)" title="Phileas (public transport)">recharged on stops/stations</a> to keep the size of the battery small/lightweight. Currently, interest exists in <a href="Hybrid_electric_bus" title="Hybrid electric bus">hybrid electric buses</a>, <a href="Fuel_cell_bus" title="Fuel cell bus">fuel cell buses</a>, <a href="Electric_bus" title="Electric bus">electric buses</a>, and ones powered by <a href="Compressed_natural_gas" title="Compressed natural gas">compressed natural gas</a> or <a href="Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel">biodiesel</a>. <a href="Gyrobus" title="Gyrobus">Gyrobuses</a>, which are powered by the momentum stored by a <a href="Flywheel" title="Flywheel">flywheel</a>, were tried in the 1940s.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dimensions">Dimensions</h3></div>

<p>United Kingdom and European Union:

</p>

<dl><dd>Maximum Length: Single rear axle <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">

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</style>13.5 meters (44 ft <span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in). Twin rear axle 15 meters (49 ft <span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in).</dd>

<dd>Maximum Width: 2.55 meters (8 ft <span class="frac">4<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in)</dd></dl>

<p>United States, Canada and Mexico:

</p>

<dl><dd>Maximum Length: None</dd>

<dd>Maximum Width: 2.6 meters (8 ft <span class="frac">6<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> in)</dd></dl>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manufacture">Manufacture</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Bus_manufacturing" title="Bus manufacturing">Bus manufacturing</a></div>

<p>Early bus manufacturing grew out of carriage <a href="Coachbuilding" class="mw-redirect" title="Coachbuilding">coach building</a>, and later out of automobile or truck manufacturers. Early buses were merely a bus body fitted to a truck chassis. This body+chassis approach has continued with modern specialist manufacturers, although there also exist integral designs such as the <a href="Leyland_National" title="Leyland National">Leyland National</a> where the two are practically inseparable. Specialist builders also exist and concentrate on building buses for special uses or modifying standard buses into specialised products.

</p><p>Integral designs have the advantages that they have been well-tested for strength and stability, and also are <a href="Commercial_off-the-shelf" title="Commercial off-the-shelf">off-the-shelf</a>. However, two incentives cause use of the chassis+body model. First, it allows the buyer and manufacturer both to shop for the best deal for their needs, rather than having to settle on one fixed design—the buyer can choose the body and the chassis separately. Second, over the lifetime of a vehicle (in constant service and heavy traffic), it will likely get minor damage now and again, and being able easily to replace a body panel or window etc. can vastly increase its <a href="Service_life" title="Service life">service life</a> and save the cost and inconvenience of removing it from service.

</p><p>As with the rest of the <a href="Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">automotive industry</a>, into the 20th century, bus manufacturing increasingly became globalized, with manufacturers producing buses far from their intended market to exploit labour and material cost advantages. A typical city bus costs almost US$450,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Gross_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gross-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Public_transport_bus_service" title="Public transport bus service">Public transport bus service</a></div>

<p><a href="Transit_bus" title="Transit bus">Transit buses</a>, used on <a href="Public_transport_bus_service" title="Public transport bus service">public transport bus services</a>, have utilitarian fittings designed for efficient movement of large numbers of people, and often have multiple doors. Coaches are used for longer-distance routes. High-capacity <a href="Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">bus rapid transit</a> services may use the bi-articulated bus or tram-style buses such as the <a href="Wright_StreetCar" title="Wright StreetCar">Wright StreetCar</a> and the <a href="Iveco_Bus" title="Iveco Bus">Irisbus</a> Civis.

</p><p>Buses and coach services often operate to a predetermined published <a href="Public_transport_timetable" title="Public transport timetable">public transport timetable</a> defining the route and the timing, but smaller vehicles may be used on more flexible <a href="Demand_responsive_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Demand responsive transport">demand responsive transport</a> services.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3></div>

<p>Buses play a major part in the tourism industry. <a href="Tour_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tour bus">Tour buses</a> around the world allow tourists to view local attractions or scenery. These are often <a href="Open-top_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-top bus">open-top buses</a>, but can also be regular buses or coaches.

</p><p>In local <a href="Sightseeing" class="mw-redirect" title="Sightseeing">sightseeing</a>, <a href="City_Sightseeing" title="City Sightseeing">City Sightseeing</a> is the largest operator of local tour buses, operating on a franchised basis all over the world. Specialist tour buses are also often owned and operated by <a href="Safari_park" title="Safari park">safari parks</a> and other <a href="Amusement_park" title="Amusement park">theme parks or resorts</a>. Longer-distance tours are also carried out by bus, either on a turn up and go basis or through a <a href="Tour_operator" title="Tour operator">tour operator</a>, and usually allow disembarkation from the bus to allow touring of sites of interest on foot. These may be day trips or longer <a href="Excursion" title="Excursion">excursions</a> incorporating hotel stays. Tour buses often carry a tour guide, although the driver or a recorded <a href="Audio_commentary" title="Audio commentary">audio commentary</a> may also perform this function. The tour operator may be a subsidiary of a company that operates buses and coaches for other uses or an independent company that charters buses or coaches. <a href="Commuter" class="mw-redirect" title="Commuter">Commuter</a> transport operators may also use their coaches to conduct tours within the target city between the morning and evening commuter transport journey.

</p><p>Buses and coaches are also a common component of the wider <a href="Package_holiday" class="mw-redirect" title="Package holiday">package holiday</a> industry, providing private airport transfers (in addition to general <a href="Airport_bus" title="Airport bus">airport buses</a>) and organised tours and day trips for holidaymakers on the package.

</p><p>Tour buses can also be hired as chartered buses by groups for sightseeing at popular holiday destinations. These private tour buses may offer specific stops, such as all the historical sights, or allow the customers to choose their own itineraries. Tour buses come with professional and informed staff and insurance, and maintain state governed safety standards. Some provide other facilities like entertainment units, luxurious reclining seats, large scenic windows, and even lavatories.

</p><p>Public long-distance coach networks are also often used as a low-cost method of travel by students or young people travelling the world. Some companies such as <a href="Topdeck_Travel" class="mw-redirect" title="Topdeck Travel">Topdeck Travel</a> were set up specifically to use buses to drive the <a href="Hippie_trail" title="Hippie trail">hippie trail</a> or travel to places such as North Africa.

</p><p>In many tourist or travel destinations, a bus is part of the <a href="Tourist_attraction" title="Tourist attraction">tourist attraction</a>, such as the North American <a href="Tourist_trolley" title="Tourist trolley">tourist trolleys</a>, London's <a href="AEC_Routemaster" title="AEC Routemaster">AEC Routemaster</a> <a href="London_Buses_heritage_routes_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="London Buses heritage routes (disambiguation)">heritage routes</a>, or the <a href="Customised_buses" title="Customised buses">customised buses</a> of Malta, Asia, and the Americas. Another example of tourist stops is the homes of <a href="Celebrities" class="mw-redirect" title="Celebrities">celebrities</a>, such as tours based near <a href="Hollywood%2C_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood</a>. There are several such services between 6000 and 7000 Hollywood Boulevard in Los Angeles.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_transport">Student transport</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Student_transport" title="Student transport">Student transport</a></div>

<p>In some countries, particularly the US and Canada, buses used to transport schoolchildren have evolved into a specific design with specified mandatory features. American states have also adopted laws regarding motorist conduct around school buses, including large fines and possibly prison for passing a stopped school bus in the process of loading or offloading children passengers. These <a href="School_bus" title="School bus">school buses</a> may have <a href="School_bus_yellow" title="School bus yellow">school bus yellow</a> livery and <a href="School_bus_crossing_arm" title="School bus crossing arm">crossing guards</a>. Other countries may mandate the use of <a href="Seat_belts" class="mw-redirect" title="Seat belts">seat belts</a>. As a minimum, many countries require a bus carrying students to display a <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:School_bus_signs" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:School bus signs">sign</a>, and may also adopt yellow liveries. Student transport often uses older buses cascaded from service use, retrofitted with more seats or seatbelts. Student transport may be operated by local authorities or private contractors. Schools may also own and operate their own buses for other transport needs, such as class <a href="Field_trip" title="Field trip">field trips</a> or transport to associated sports, music, or other school events.

</p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Private_charter">Private charter</h3></div>

<p>Due to the costs involved in owning, operating, and driving buses and coaches, much bus and coach use comes from the private hire of vehicles from charter bus companies, either for a day or two or on a longer contract basis, where the charter company provides the vehicles and qualified drivers.

</p>

<p>Charter bus operators may be completely independent businesses, or charter hire may be a subsidiary business of a public transport operator that might maintain a separate fleet or use surplus buses, coaches, and dual-purpose coach-seated buses. Many private <a href="Taxicab" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicab">taxicab</a> companies also operate larger <a href="Minibus" title="Minibus">minibus</a> vehicles to cater for group fares. Companies, private groups, and social clubs may hire buses or coaches as a cost-effective method of transporting a group to an event or site, such as a group meeting, <a href="Racing" title="Racing">racing</a> event, or organised recreational activity such as a <a href="Summer_camp" title="Summer camp">summer camp</a>. Schools often hire charter bus services on a regular basis for transportation of children to and from their homes. Chartered buses are also used by education institutes for transport to <a href="Convention_(meeting)" title="Convention (meeting)">conventions</a>, exhibitions, and <a href="Field_trips" class="mw-redirect" title="Field trips">field trips</a>. Entertainment or event companies may also hire temporary shuttles buses for transport at events such as festivals or <a href="Academic_conference" title="Academic conference">conferences</a>. <a href="Party_bus" title="Party bus">Party buses</a> are used by companies in a similar manner to <a href="Limousine" title="Limousine">limousine</a> hire, for luxury private transport to social events or as a touring experience. <a href="Sleeper_bus" title="Sleeper bus">Sleeper buses</a> are used by bands or other organisations that tour between entertainment venues and require mobile rest and recreation facilities. Some couples hire preserved buses for their wedding transport, instead of the traditional car. Buses are often hired for <a href="Parade" title="Parade">parades</a> or <a href="Procession" title="Procession">processions</a>. <a href="Victory_parade" title="Victory parade">Victory parades</a> are often held for triumphant sports teams, who often tour their home town or city in an <a href="Open-top_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Open-top bus">open-top bus</a>. Sports teams may also contract out their transport to a team bus, for travel to <a href="Road_(sports)" title="Road (sports)">away games</a>, to a <a href="Sports_competition" class="mw-redirect" title="Sports competition">competition</a> or to a <a href="Final_(competition)" title="Final (competition)">final event</a>. These buses are often specially decorated in a livery matching the team colours. Private companies often contract out private shuttle bus services, for transport of their customers or patrons, such as hotels, <a href="Amusement_park" title="Amusement park">amusement parks</a>, <a href="University_campus" class="mw-redirect" title="University campus">university campuses</a>, or <a href="Airport_bus" title="Airport bus">private airport transfer</a> services. This shuttle usage can be as transport between locations, or to and from <a href="Parking_lot" title="Parking lot">parking lots</a>. High specification luxury coaches are often chartered by companies for <a href="Executive_officer" title="Executive officer">executive</a> or <a href="Very_Important_Person" class="mw-redirect" title="Very Important Person">VIP</a> transport. Charter buses may also be used in tourism and for promotion (See Tourism and Promotion sections).

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Private_ownership">Private ownership</h3></div>

<p>Many organisations, including the police, <a href="Not_for_profit" class="mw-redirect" title="Not for profit">not for profit</a>, social or charitable groups with a regular need for group transport may find it practical or cost-effective to own and operate a bus for their own needs. These are often <a href="Minibus" title="Minibus">minibuses</a> for practical, tax and driver licensing reasons, although they can also be full-size buses. <a href="Cadet" title="Cadet">Cadet</a> or <a href="Scouting" title="Scouting">scout</a> groups or other youth organizations may also own buses. Companies such as railroads, construction contractors, and agricultural firms may own buses to transport employees to and from remote job sites. Specific charities may exist to fund and operate bus transport, usually using specially modified mobility buses or otherwise accessible buses (See Accessibility section). Some use their contributions to buy vehicles and provide volunteer drivers.

</p><p>Airport operators make use of special airside <a href="Airport_bus" title="Airport bus">airport buses</a> for crew and passenger transport in the secure <a href="Airside_(airport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Airside (airport)">airside</a> parts of an airport. Some public authorities, police forces, and military forces make use of <a href="Armoured_bus" title="Armoured bus">armoured buses</a> where there is a special need to provide increased passenger protection. The <a href="United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">United States Secret Service</a> acquired two in 2010 for transporting dignitaries needing special protection.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Police_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Police department">Police departments</a> make use of <a href="Police_bus" title="Police bus">police buses</a> for a variety of reasons, such as <a href="Prisoner_transport_vehicle" title="Prisoner transport vehicle">prisoner transport</a>, <a href="Police_officer" title="Police officer">officer</a> transport, temporary detention facilities, and as <a href="Command_post" class="mw-redirect" title="Command post">command and control vehicles</a>. Some <a href="Fire_department" title="Fire department">fire departments</a> also use a converted bus as a command post<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while those in cold climates might retain a bus as a heated shelter at fire scenes.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many are drawn from retired school or service buses.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Promotion">Promotion</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Bus_advertising" title="Bus advertising">Bus advertising</a></div><p>Buses are often used for advertising, <a href="Political_campaign" title="Political campaign">political campaigning</a>, public information campaigns, <a href="Public_relation" class="mw-redirect" title="Public relation">public relations</a>, or <a href="Promotion_(marketing)" title="Promotion (marketing)">promotional</a> purposes. These may take the form of temporary charter hire of service buses, or the temporary or permanent conversion and operation of buses, usually of <a href="Used_good" title="Used good">second-hand</a> buses. Extreme examples include converting the bus with displays and decorations or <a href="Awning" title="Awning">awnings</a> and fittings. Interiors may be fitted out for exhibition or information purposes with special equipment or <a href="Audio_visual" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio visual">audio visual</a> devices.

</p><p>Bus advertising takes many forms, often as interior and exterior adverts and all-over advertising liveries. The practice often extends into the exclusive private hire and use of a bus to promote a brand or product, appearing at large public events, or touring busy streets. The bus is sometimes staffed by promotions personnel, giving out free gifts. <a href="Campaign_bus" title="Campaign bus">Campaign buses</a> are often specially decorated for a <a href="Political_campaign" title="Political campaign">political campaign</a> or other social awareness information campaign, designed to bring a specific message to different areas, or used to transport campaign personnel to local areas/meetings. Exhibition buses are often sent to public events such as <a href="Fair" title="Fair">fairs</a> and festivals for purposes such as recruitment campaigns, for example by private companies or the <a href="Armed_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed force">armed forces</a>. Complex <a href="Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">urban planning</a> proposals may be organised into a mobile exhibition bus for the purposes of public consultation.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goods_transport">Goods transport</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Bruck_(vehicle)" title="Bruck (vehicle)">Bruck (vehicle)</a></div>

<p>In some sparsely populated areas, it is common to use brucks, buses with a cargo area to transport both passengers and cargo at the same time. They are especially common in the <a href="Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic countries</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Around_the_world">Around the world</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: Category:Bus transport by country and <a href="List_of_buses" title="List of buses">List of buses</a></div>

<p>Historically, the types and features of buses have developed according to local needs. Buses were fitted with technology appropriate to the local climate or passenger needs, such as air conditioning in Asia, or <a href="Bicycle" title="Bicycle">cycle</a> mounts on North American buses. The bus types in use around the world where there was little mass production were often sourced secondhand from other countries, such as the <a href="Malta_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Malta bus">Malta bus</a>, and buses in use in Africa. Other countries such as Cuba required novel solutions to import restrictions, with the creation of the "camellos" (<a href="Transport_in_Cuba#Urban_buses" title="Transport in Cuba">camel bus</a>), a specially manufactured <a href="Trailer_bus" title="Trailer bus">trailer bus</a>.

</p><p>After the Second World War, manufacturers in Europe and the Far East, such as <a href="Mercedes-Benz_buses" title="Mercedes-Benz buses">Mercedes-Benz buses</a> and <a href="Mitsubishi_Fuso_Truck_and_Bus_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation">Mitsubishi Fuso</a> expanded into other continents influencing the use of buses previously served by local types. Use of buses around the world has also been influenced by colonial associations or political alliances between countries. Several of the <a href="Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth nations</a> followed the British lead and sourced buses from British manufacturers, leading to a prevalence of <a href="Double-decker_bus" title="Double-decker bus">double-decker buses</a>. Several <a href="Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a> countries adopted trolleybus systems, and their manufacturers such as <a href="Trolza" title="Trolza">Trolza</a> exported trolleybuses to other friendly states. In the 1930s, Italy designed the world's only triple decker bus for the busy route between Rome and Tivoli that could carry eighty-eight passengers. It was unique not only in being a triple decker but having a separate smoking compartment on the third level.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The buses to be found in countries around the world often reflect the quality of the local road network, with high-floor resilient truck-based designs prevalent in several less developed countries where buses are subject to tough operating conditions. Population density also has a major impact, where dense urbanisation such as in Japan and the far east has led to the adoption of high capacity long <a href="Multi-axle_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-axle bus">multi-axle buses</a>, often double-deckers while South America and China are implementing large numbers of <a href="Articulated_bus" title="Articulated bus">articulated buses</a> for <a href="Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">bus rapid transit</a> schemes.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bus_expositions">Bus expositions</h3></div>

<p>Euro Bus Expo is a <a href="Trade_fair" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade fair">trade show</a>, which is held <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/biennial" class="extiw external" title="wikt:Special:Search/biennial">biennially</a> at the UK's <a href="National_Exhibition_Centre" title="National Exhibition Centre">National Exhibition Centre</a> in Birmingham. As the official show of the <a href="Confederation_of_Passenger_Transport" title="Confederation of Passenger Transport">Confederation of Passenger Transport</a>, the UK's trade association for the bus, coach and light rail industry, the three-day event offers visitors from Europe and beyond the chance to see and experience the very latest vehicles and product and service innovations right across the industry.

</p><p>Busworld Kortrijk in <a href="Kortrijk" title="Kortrijk">Kortrijk</a>, Belgium, is the leading bus trade fair in Europe. It is also held biennially.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_of_retired_buses">Use of retired buses</h2></div>

<p>Most public or private buses and coaches, once they have reached the end of their service with one or more operators, are sent to the <a href="Wrecking_yard" title="Wrecking yard">wrecking yard</a> for breaking up for <a href="Scrap" title="Scrap">scrap</a> and <a href="Spare_part" title="Spare part">spare parts</a>. Some buses which are not economical to keep running as service buses are often converted for use other than revenue-earning transport. Much like old cars and trucks, buses often pass through a <a href="Car_dealership" title="Car dealership">dealership</a> where they can be bought privately or at auction.

</p><p>Bus operators often find it economical to convert retired buses to use as permanent <a href="Training_bus" title="Training bus">training buses</a> for driver training, rather than taking a regular service bus out of use. Some large operators have also converted retired buses into tow bus vehicles, to act as <a href="Tow_truck" title="Tow truck">tow trucks</a>. With the outsourcing of maintenance staff and facilities, the increase in company <a href="Health_and_safety" class="mw-redirect" title="Health and safety">health and safety</a> regulations, and the increasing <a href="Curb_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Curb weight">curb weights</a> of buses, many operators now contract their towing needs to a professional <a href="Vehicle_recovery" title="Vehicle recovery">vehicle recovery</a> company.

</p>

<p>Some buses that have reached the end of their service that are still in good condition are sent for export to other countries.

</p><p>Some retired buses have been converted to static or mobile cafés, often using historic buses as a <a href="Tourist_attraction" title="Tourist attraction">tourist attraction</a>. There are also catering buses: buses converted into a mobile <a href="Canteen_(place)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canteen (place)">canteen</a> and <a href="Coffee_break" class="mw-redirect" title="Coffee break">break room</a>. These are commonly seen at external <a href="Filming_location" class="mw-redirect" title="Filming location">filming locations</a> to feed the cast and crew, and at other large events to feed staff. Another use is as an emergency vehicle, such as high-capacity <a href="Ambulance_bus" title="Ambulance bus">ambulance bus</a> or mobile <a href="Command_center" title="Command center">command centre</a>.

</p><p>Some organisations adapt and operate <a href="Playbus" class="mw-redirect" title="Playbus">playbuses</a> or learning buses to provide a <a href="Playground" title="Playground">playground</a> or learning environments to children who might not have access to proper play areas. An ex-London <a href="AEC_Routemaster" title="AEC Routemaster">AEC Routemaster</a> bus has been converted to a mobile theatre and <a href="Runway_(fashion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Runway (fashion)">catwalk fashion show</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Some buses meet a destructive end by being entered in <a href="Banger_racing" title="Banger racing">banger races</a> or at <a href="Demolition_derbies" class="mw-redirect" title="Demolition derbies">demolition derbies</a>. A larger number of old retired buses have also been converted into mobile holiday homes and campers.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bus_preservation">Bus preservation</h3></div>

<p>Rather than being <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scrapped" class="extiw external" title="wikt:scrapped">scrapped</a> or converted for other uses, sometimes retired buses are saved for preservation. This can be done by individuals, volunteer preservation groups or charitable trusts, museums, or sometimes by the operators themselves as part of a <a href="Heritage_fleet" title="Heritage fleet">heritage fleet</a>. These buses often need to be <a href="Conservation_and_restoration_of_road_vehicles" title="Conservation and restoration of road vehicles">restored</a> to their original condition and will have their livery and other details such as internal notices and <a href="Rollsign" class="mw-redirect" title="Rollsign">rollsigns</a> restored to be authentic to a specific time in the bus's history. Some buses that undergo preservation are rescued from a state of great disrepair, but others enter preservation with very little wrong with them. As with other historic vehicles, many preserved buses either in a working or static state form part of the collections of <a href="List_of_transport_museums" title="List of transport museums">transport museums</a>. Additionally, some buses are preserved so they can appear alongside other period vehicles in television and film. Working buses will often be exhibited at rallies and events, and they are also used as charter buses. While many preserved buses are quite old or even vintage, in some cases relatively new examples of a bus type can enter restoration. In-service examples are still in use by other operators. This often happens when a change in design or operating practice, such as the switch to one person operation or low floor technology, renders some buses redundant while still relatively new.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modification_as_railway_vehicles">Modification as railway vehicles</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Railbus" title="Railbus">Railbus</a></div>

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<ul><li><a href="Bicycle_carrier" title="Bicycle carrier">Bicycle carrier</a> (bus mounted bike racks)</li>

<li><a href="Bus_spotting" title="Bus spotting">Bus spotting</a></li>

<li><a href="Bus_station" title="Bus station">Bus station</a></li>

<li><a href="Charabanc" title="Charabanc">Charabanc</a></li>

<li><a href="Coach_(bus)" title="Coach (bus)">Coach (bus)</a></li>

<li><a href="Cutaway_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cutaway bus">Cutaway bus</a></li>

<li><a href="Dollar_van" class="mw-redirect" title="Dollar van">Dollar van</a></li>

<li><a href="Horsebus" title="Horsebus">Horsebus</a></li>

<li><a href="Intercity_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercity bus">Intercity bus</a></li>

<li><a href="Intercity_bus_driver" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercity bus driver">Intercity bus driver</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_fictional_buses" class="mw-redirect" title="List of fictional buses">List of fictional buses</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_light_bus" title="Public light bus">Public light bus</a></li>

<li><a href="Trackless_train" title="Trackless train">Trackless train</a></li>

<li><a href="Transit_bus" title="Transit bus">Transit bus</a></li>

<li><a href="Transit_Elevated_Bus" title="Transit Elevated Bus">Transit Elevated Bus</a></li></ul>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Omnibus"><a class="external text external" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Omnibus">"Omnibus" </a></span>. <i><a href="Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 104.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Jongo_News-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jongo_News_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110930181821/http://news.jongo.com/articles/07/0315/9180/OTE4MAmXAYhbF0.html">"China's longest bus unveiled in Shanghai"</a>. Jongo.com. 15 March 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.jongo.com/articles/07/0315/9180/OTE4MAmXAYhbF0.html">the original</a> on 30 September 2011.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Eckermann2001-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Eckermann2001_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eckermann2001_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEckermann2001" class="citation cs2">Eckermann, Erik (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yLZeQwqNmdgC&pg=PA687"><i>World History of the Automobile</i></a>, SAE, pp. <span class="nowrap">67–</span>68, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780768008005</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2013</span></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Cassell-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cassell_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cassell_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMarchantCharles1928" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Marchant, J.R.V.; Charles, Joseph F., eds. (1928). <i>Cassell's Latin Dictionary</i> (Revised ed.).</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amtuir.org/03_htu_generale/htu_1_avant_1870/htu_1.htm">"La préhistoire des transports urbains"</a> [The prehistory of urban transport] (in French). Chelles, Seine-et-Marne, France: Transportation Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210322134041/https://amtuir.org/03_htu_generale/htu_1_avant_1870/htu_1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFierro19961031-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFierro19961031_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFierro1996">Fierro 1996</a>, p. 1031.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=omnibus&allowed_in_frame=0">"Omnibus (n.)"</a>. <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170907135334/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=omnibus&allowed_in_frame=0">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-amtuir-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-amtuir_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718154641/http://www.amtuir.org/03_htu_generale/htu_1_avant_1870/htu_1.htm">"Histoire générale des transports"</a> (in French). French transportations Museum Website. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amtuir.org/03_htu_generale/htu_1_avant_1870/htu_1.htm">the original</a> on 18 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Centenarxy of the Omnibus". <i>The Times</i>. 28 April 1933. p. 16.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBenson,_Bruce_L." class="citation book cs1">Benson, Bruce L. "The Rise and Fall of Non-Government Roads in the United Kingdom". <i>Street Smart: Competition, Entrepreneurship and the Future of Roads</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">263–</span>264.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RMgDAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA388">"Locomotives Act, 1861"</a>. <i>Pratt's Law of Highways</i> (10th ed.). Shaw & Sons. 1865. p. 388.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trolleybus.co.uk/history1.htm">"Trolleybus history – current collector design"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110504185700/http://www.trolleybus.co.uk/history1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.siemens.com/history/en/innovations/transportation.htm#toc-2"><i>Elektromote</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160729124510/http://www.siemens.com/history/en/innovations/transportation.htm#toc-2">Archived</a> 29 July 2016 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Siemens History website. Retrieved 2011-08-28</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-CSDunbar-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CSDunbar_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charles S. Dunbar, <i>Buses, Trolleys and Trams</i>, (Paul Hamlyn Ltd, 1967, no ISBN) p. 81 <i>et seq</i>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Ward1974-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ward1974_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWard1974" class="citation cs2">Ward, Ian (1974), <i>The World of Automobiles: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Motor Car</i>, vol. 15, Orbis, p. 1773</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Daimler-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Daimler_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Daimler_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.daimler.com/marsMediaSite/en/instance/ko/1898-The-worlds-first-bus-series-launched-by-Daimler--a-mile.xhtml?oid=9913455">"1898: The world's first bus series launched by Daimler – a milestone for passenger transport – marsMediaSite"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210426001349/https://media.daimler.com/marsMediaSite/en/instance/ko/1898-The-worlds-first-bus-series-launched-by-Daimler--a-mile.xhtml?oid=9913455">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRobbinsAtkinson,_J._B.1991" class="citation book cs1">Robbins, G. J.; Atkinson, J. B. (1991). <i>The London B-Type Motor Omnibus</i> (3rd ed.). Twickenham: World of Transport. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>1-871979-04-8</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aecsouthall.co.uk/">"AEC Southall Enthusiast page"</a>. Aecsouthall.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200131115616/http://www.aecsouthall.co.uk/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140221214815/http://www.londonbooks.co.uk/shop/page.php?xPage=articles.html&articleID=1">"The Bus We Loved book description, 12 September 2006"</a>. Londonbooks.co.uk. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.londonbooks.co.uk/shop/page.php?xPage=articles.html&articleID=1">the original</a> on 21 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-routemasterorghome-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-routemasterorghome_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.routemaster.org.uk/">Routemaster.org</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110902121425/http://routemaster.org.uk/">Archived</a> 2 September 2011 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> home page</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-getting_on_board-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-getting_on_board_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Getting on board". <i>Trolleybus Magazine</i>. No. 190. UK: National Trolleybus Association. July–August 1993. pp. <span class="nowrap">86–</span>87. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0266-7452">0266-7452</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Gross-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gross_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGross2014" class="citation web cs1">Gross, Daniel (5 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/the_juice/2014/09/electric_buses_proterra_wants_to_rid_america_of_emission_spewing_buses.html">"Further"</a>. <i><a href="Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a></i>. <a href="The_Slate_Group" title="The Slate Group">The Slate Group</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170712183722/http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/the_juice/2014/09/electric_buses_proterra_wants_to_rid_america_of_emission_spewing_buses.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Farley2011" class="citation web cs1">Robert Farley (25 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.factcheck.org/2011/08/obamas-canadian-american-bus/">"Obama's Canadian-American Bus"</a>. <i>FactCheck</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525173421/http://www.factcheck.org/2011/08/obamas-canadian-american-bus/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101121035613/http://cityofchesapeake.net/services/depart/fire/bus.shtml">"Chesapeake Fire Department"</a>. Cityofchesapeake.net. 1 May 1998. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cityofchesapeake.net/services/depart/fire/bus.shtml">the original</a> on 21 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCity_of_Winnipeg_Corporate_Web_Services" class="citation web cs1">City of Winnipeg Corporate Web Services. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100106020819/http://www.winnipeg.ca/fps/Services/Operations/MIRV.stm">"Winnipeg Fire Department"</a>. Winnipeg.ca. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.winnipeg.ca/fps/Services/Operations/MIRV.stm">the original</a> on 6 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHearst_Magazines1932" class="citation magazine cs1">Hearst Magazines (August 1932). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7-EDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA286">"Three Decker Auto Bus Carries 88 Persons"</a>. <i>Popular Mechanics</i>. Hearst Magazines. p. 286. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210415113411/https://books.google.com/books?id=7-EDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA286">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2008/aug/16/theatre.londonlistings1">Event preview: Fashion Bus On The Square, London</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210623120021/https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2008/aug/16/theatre.londonlistings1">Archived</a> 23 June 2021 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>The Guardian</i>, 16 August 2008</span>

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</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFCombeau2013" class="citation book cs1">Combeau, Yvan (2013). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/histoiredeparis0000comb"><i>Histoire de Paris</i></a></span>. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-2-13-060852-3</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFFierro1996" class="citation book cs1">Fierro, Alfred (1996). <i>Histoire et dictionnaire de Paris</i>. Robert Laffont. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>2-221-07862-4</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFHéron_de_Villefosse1959" class="citation book cs1">Héron de Villefosse, René (1959). <i>Histoire de Paris</i>. Bernard Grasset.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> has media related to:<br>

<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bus" class="extiw external" title="commons:Bus"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Bus</span></a> (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bus_transport" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Bus transport">category</a>)</div></div>

</div>

<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/bus" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/bus">bus</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div>

</div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buses.org">American Bus Association</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110207150649/http://www.buses.org/">Archived</a> 7 February 2011 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li></ul>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Buses270" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

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</style><div id="Buses270" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="List_of_buses" title="List of buses">List</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chassis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Articulated_bus" title="Articulated bus">Articulated</a></li>

<li><a href="Bi-articulated_bus" title="Bi-articulated bus">Bi-articulated</a></li>

<li><a href="Bruck_(vehicle)" title="Bruck (vehicle)">Bruck</a></li>

<li><a href="Coach_(bus)" title="Coach (bus)">Coach</a></li>

<li><a href="Combination_bus" title="Combination bus">Combination</a></li>

<li><a href="Cutaway_van_chassis" title="Cutaway van chassis">Cutaway van chassis</a></li>

<li><a href="Double-decker_bus" title="Double-decker bus">Double-decker</a>

<ul><li><a href="Lowbridge_double-deck_bus" title="Lowbridge double-deck bus">Lowbridge double-deck</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="High-floor" title="High-floor">High-floor</a></li>

<li><a href="Low-floor_bus" title="Low-floor bus">Low-floor</a></li>

<li><a href="Single-deck_bus" title="Single-deck bus">Single-decker</a></li>

<li><a href="Snow_coach" title="Snow coach">Snow coach</a></li>

<li><a href="Trailer_bus" title="Trailer bus">Trailer</a></li>

<li><a href="Transit_Elevated_Bus" title="Transit Elevated Bus">Transit Elevated</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roadway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Autonomous_Rail_Rapid_Transit" title="Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit">Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit</a></li>

<li><a href="Bombardier_Guided_Light_Transit" title="Bombardier Guided Light Transit">Bombardier Guided Light Transit</a></li>

<li><a href="Guided_bus" title="Guided bus">Guided</a></li>

<li><a href="Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">Rapid transit</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bus_advertising" title="Bus advertising">Advert</a></li>

<li><a href="Airport_bus" title="Airport bus">Airport</a></li>

<li><a href="Armoured_bus" title="Armoured bus">Armoured</a></li>

<li><a href="Campaign_bus" title="Campaign bus">Campaign</a></li>

<li><a href="Express_bus_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Express bus service">Express</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobile_lounge" title="Mobile lounge">Mobile lounge</a></li>

<li><a href="Party_bus" title="Party bus">Party</a></li>

<li><a href="Police_bus" title="Police bus">Police</a></li>

<li><a href="School_bus" title="School bus">School</a>

<ul><li><a href="School_bus_by_country" title="School bus by country">by country</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Shuttle_bus_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuttle bus service">Shuttle</a></li>

<li><a href="Sleeper_bus" title="Sleeper bus">Sleeper</a></li>

<li><a href="Transit_bus" title="Transit bus">Transit</a></li>

<li><a href="Train-replacement_bus_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Train-replacement bus service">Train replacement</a></li>

<li><a href="Training_bus" title="Training bus">Training</a></li>

<li><a href="Tourist_trolley" title="Tourist trolley">Tourist trolley</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Electric_bus" title="Electric bus">Electric</a>

<ul><li><a href="Battery_electric_bus" title="Battery electric bus">Battery electric bus</a></li>

<li><a href="Capacitor_electric_vehicle" title="Capacitor electric vehicle">Capacitor electric bus</a></li>

<li>Charging

<ul><li><a href="Ground-level_power_supply" title="Ground-level power supply">Ground-level</a></li>

<li><a href="Online_electric_vehicle" title="Online electric vehicle">Inductive</a></li>

<li><a href="Overhead_line" title="Overhead line">Overhead</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Hybrid_electric_bus" title="Hybrid electric bus">Hybrid electric bus</a></li>

<li><a href="Solar_bus" title="Solar bus">Solar</a></li>

<li><a href="Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">Trolleybus</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Bus_manufacturing" title="Bus manufacturing">Manufacturing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_electric_bus_makers" title="List of electric bus makers">Electric bus</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_school_bus_manufacturers" title="List of school bus manufacturers">School bus</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_trolleybus_manufacturers" title="List of trolleybus manufacturers">Trolleybus</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>

<ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert-image noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Portal%3ABuses" title="Portal:Buses">Buses portal</a></b></li>

<li><b>Category</b></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Public_transport503" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Public_transport503" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Public_transport" title="Public transport">Public transport</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Public_transport_bus_service" title="Public transport bus service">Bus service</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bus_driver" title="Bus driver">driver</a></li>

<li><a href="Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">Bus rapid transit</a></li>

<li><a href="Express_bus_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Express bus service">Express bus</a></li>

<li><a href="Guided_bus" title="Guided bus">Guided bus</a>

<ul><li><a href="Autonomous_Rail_Rapid_Transit" title="Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit">Trackless Tram</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Intercity_bus_service" title="Intercity bus service">Intercity bus</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Charabanc" title="Charabanc">Charabanc</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Public_light_bus" title="Public light bus">Public light bus</a></li>

<li><a href="Rail_replacement_bus_service" title="Rail replacement bus service">Rail replacement bus</a></li>

<li><a href="Share_taxi" title="Share taxi">Share taxi/Taxibus</a>

<ul><li><a href="Marshrutka" title="Marshrutka">Marshrutka</a></li>

<li><a href="Pesero" title="Pesero">Pesero</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Shuttle_bus_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuttle bus service">Shuttle bus</a></li>

<li><a href="Transit_bus" title="Transit bus">Transit bus</a></li>

<li><a href="Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">Trolleybus</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">Rail</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Passenger_rail_terminology" title="Passenger rail terminology">Passenger rail terminology</a>

<ul><li><a href="Glossary_of_rail_transport_terms" title="Glossary of rail transport terms">glossary</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Airport_rail_link" title="Airport rail link">Airport rail link</a></li>

<li><a href="Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">Commuter rail</a></li>

<li><a href="Elevated_railway" title="Elevated railway">Elevated railway</a></li>

<li><a href="Funicular" title="Funicular">Funicular</a></li>

<li><a href="Heritage_railway" title="Heritage railway">Heritage railway</a>

<ul><li><a href="Heritage_streetcar" title="Heritage streetcar">Heritage streetcar</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">High-speed rail</a></li>

<li><a href="Higher-speed_rail" title="Higher-speed rail">Higher-speed rail</a></li>

<li><a href="Inter-city_rail" title="Inter-city rail">Inter-city rail</a></li>

<li><a href="Interurban" title="Interurban">Interurban</a></li>

<li><a href="Maglev" title="Maglev">Maglev</a></li>

<li><a href="Monorail" title="Monorail">Monorail</a></li>

<li><a href="Narrow-gauge_railway" title="Narrow-gauge railway">Narrow-gauge railway</a></li>

<li><a href="People_mover" title="People mover">People mover</a></li>

<li><a href="Railbus" title="Railbus">Railbus</a></li>

<li><a href="Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">Metro/Rapid Transit</a>

<ul><li><a href="Medium-capacity_rail_system" title="Medium-capacity rail system">Medium-capacity rail system</a></li>

<li><a href="Rubber-tyred_metro" title="Rubber-tyred metro">Rubber-tyred metro</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Regional_rail" title="Regional rail">Regional rail</a></li>

<li><a href="Street_running_train" title="Street running train">Street running</a></li>

<li><a href="Suspension_railway" title="Suspension railway">Suspension railway</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Cable_car_(railway)" title="Cable car (railway)">Cable car</a></li>

<li><a href="Horsecar" title="Horsecar">Horsecar</a></li>

<li><a href="Light_rail" title="Light rail">Light rail</a></li>

<li><a href="Tram-train" title="Tram-train">Tram-train</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Vehicle_for_hire" title="Vehicle for hire">Vehicles<br> for hire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Auto_rickshaw" title="Auto rickshaw">Auto rickshaw taxi</a></li>

<li><a href="Combination_bus" title="Combination bus">Combination bus</a></li>

<li><a href="Cycle_rickshaw" title="Cycle rickshaw">Cycle rickshaw</a></li>

<li><a href="Demand-responsive_transport" title="Demand-responsive transport">Demand-responsive transport</a>

<ul><li><a href="Microtransit" title="Microtransit">Microtransit</a></li>

<li><a href="Paratransit" title="Paratransit">Paratransit</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Dollar_van" class="mw-redirect" title="Dollar van">Dollar van</a></li>

<li><a href="Dolmu%C5%9F" title="Dolmuş">Dolmuş</a></li>

<li><a href="Hackney_carriage" title="Hackney carriage">Hackney carriage</a></li>

<li><a href="Jeepney" title="Jeepney">Jeepney</a></li>

<li><a href="Limousine" title="Limousine">Limousine</a></li>

<li><a href="Motorcycle_taxi" title="Motorcycle taxi">Motorcycle taxi</a></li>

<li><a href="Marshrutka" title="Marshrutka">Marshrutka</a></li>

<li><a href="Nanny_van" title="Nanny van">Nanny van</a></li>

<li><a href="Personal_rapid_transit" title="Personal rapid transit">Personal rapid transit</a></li>

<li><a href="Pesero" title="Pesero">Pesero</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_light_bus" title="Public light bus">Public light bus</a></li>

<li><a href="Pulled_rickshaw" title="Pulled rickshaw">Pulled rickshaw</a></li>

<li><a href="Share_taxi" title="Share taxi">Share taxi</a></li>

<li><a href="Songthaew" title="Songthaew">Songthaew</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Carpool" title="Carpool">Carpooling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Car_jockey" title="Car jockey">Car jockey</a></li>

<li><a href="Flexible_carpooling" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexible carpooling">Flexible carpooling</a></li>

<li><a href="Ridesharing_company" title="Ridesharing company">Real-time ridesharing</a></li>

<li><a href="Slugging" title="Slugging">Slugging</a></li>

<li><a href="Vanpool" title="Vanpool">Vanpool</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Maritime_transport" title="Maritime transport">Ship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cable_ferry" title="Cable ferry">Cable ferry</a></li>

<li><a href="Ferry" title="Ferry">Ferry</a></li>

<li><a href="Gondola" title="Gondola">Gondola</a></li>

<li><a href="Hovercraft" title="Hovercraft">Hovercraft</a></li>

<li><a href="Hydrofoil" title="Hydrofoil">Hydrofoil</a></li>

<li><a href="Ocean_liner" title="Ocean liner">Ocean liner</a></li>

<li><a href="Vaporetto" title="Vaporetto">Vaporetto</a></li>

<li><a href="Water_taxi" title="Water taxi">Water taxi</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Cable_transport" title="Cable transport">Cable</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aerial_tramway" title="Aerial tramway">Aerial tramway</a></li>

<li><a href="Cable_ferry" title="Cable ferry">Cable ferry</a></li>

<li><a href="Cable_railway" title="Cable railway">Cable railway</a></li>

<li><a href="Elevator" title="Elevator">Elevator</a></li>

<li><a href="Funicular" title="Funicular">Funicular</a></li>

<li><a href="Gondola_lift" title="Gondola lift">Gondola lift</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bicable_gondola_lift" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicable gondola lift">bicable</a></li>

<li><a href="Tricable_gondola_lift" title="Tricable gondola lift">tricable</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Inclined_elevator" title="Inclined elevator">Inclined elevator</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br>transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Airline" title="Airline">Airline</a></li>

<li><a href="Airliner" title="Airliner">Airliner</a></li>

<li><a href="Carsharing" title="Carsharing">Carsharing</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bicycle-sharing_system" title="Bicycle-sharing system">Bicycle-sharing</a></li>

<li><a href="Scooter-sharing_system" title="Scooter-sharing system">Scooter-sharing</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Elevator" title="Elevator">Elevator</a></li>

<li><a href="Escalator" title="Escalator">Escalator</a></li>

<li><a href="Horse-drawn_vehicle" title="Horse-drawn vehicle">Horse-drawn vehicle</a></li>

<li><a href="Hyperloop" title="Hyperloop">Hyperloop</a></li>

<li><a href="Inclined_elevator" title="Inclined elevator">Inclined elevator</a></li>

<li><a href="Moving_walkway" title="Moving walkway">Moving walkway</a></li>

<li><a href="Personal_transporter" title="Personal transporter">Personal transporter</a></li>

<li><a href="Robotaxi" title="Robotaxi">Robotaxi</a></li>

<li><a href="Shweeb" title="Shweeb">Shweeb</a></li>

<li><a href="Slope_car" title="Slope car">Slope car</a></li>

<li><a href="Trackless_train" title="Trackless train">Trackless train</a></li>

<li><a href="Vactrain" title="Vactrain">Vactrain</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Airport" title="Airport">Airport</a></li>

<li><a href="Bus_garage" title="Bus garage">Bus garage</a></li>

<li><a href="Bus_stand" title="Bus stand">Bus stand</a></li>

<li><a href="Bus_station" title="Bus station">Bus station</a></li>

<li><a href="Bus_turnout" title="Bus turnout">Bus turnout (bus bay)</a></li>

<li><a href="Passenger_terminal_(maritime)" class="mw-redirect" title="Passenger terminal (maritime)">Ferry terminal</a></li>

<li><a href="Hangar" title="Hangar">Hangar</a></li>

<li><a href="Harbor" title="Harbor">Harbor</a></li>

<li><a href="Interchange_station" title="Interchange station">Interchange station</a></li>

<li><a href="Kassel_kerb" title="Kassel kerb">Kassel kerb</a></li>

<li><a href="Layover" title="Layover">Layover</a></li>

<li><a href="Metro_station" title="Metro station">Metro station</a></li>

<li><a href="Queue_jump" title="Queue jump">Queue jump</a></li>

<li><a href="Taxi_stand" title="Taxi stand">Taxicab stand</a></li>

<li><a href="Train_station" title="Train station">Train station</a></li>

<li><a href="Transit_mall" title="Transit mall">Transit mall</a></li>

<li><a href="Transport_hub" title="Transport hub">Transport hub</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Ticket_(admission)" title="Ticket (admission)">Ticketing</a><br>and <a href="Fare" title="Fare">fares</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Automated_fare_collection" title="Automated fare collection">Automated fare collection</a></li>

<li><a href="Bus_advertising" title="Bus advertising">Bus advertising</a></li>

<li><a href="Contract_of_carriage" title="Contract of carriage">Contract of carriage</a></li>

<li><a href="Dead_mileage" title="Dead mileage">Dead mileage</a></li>

<li><a href="Fare_avoidance" title="Fare avoidance">Fare avoidance</a></li>

<li><a href="Fare_capping" title="Fare capping">Fare capping</a></li>

<li><a href="Fare_evasion" title="Fare evasion">Fare evasion</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_public_transport" title="Free public transport">Free public transport</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_travel_pass" title="Free travel pass">Free travel pass</a></li>

<li><a href="Integrated_ticketing" title="Integrated ticketing">Integrated ticketing</a></li>

<li><a href="Manual_fare_collection" title="Manual fare collection">Manual fare collection</a></li>

<li><a href="Money_train" title="Money train">Money train</a></li>

<li><a href="Penalty_fare" title="Penalty fare">Penalty fare</a></li>

<li><a href="Proof-of-payment" title="Proof-of-payment">Proof-of-payment</a></li>

<li><a href="Reduced_fare_program" title="Reduced fare program">Reduced fare program</a></li>

<li><a href="Transfer_(public_transit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfer (public transit)">Transfer</a></li>

<li><a href="Transit_pass" title="Transit pass">Transit pass</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Routing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Circle_route" title="Circle route">Circle route</a></li>

<li><a href="Cross-city_route" title="Cross-city route">Cross-city route</a></li>

<li><a href="Network_length_(transport)" title="Network length (transport)">Network length</a></li>

<li><a href="Non-revenue_track" title="Non-revenue track">Non-revenue track</a></li>

<li><a href="Radial_route" title="Radial route">Radial route</a></li>

<li><a href="Transport_network_analysis" title="Transport network analysis">Transport network</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Checked_baggage" title="Checked baggage">Checked baggage</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_first_class_commuter_transport_services" class="mw-redirect" title="List of first class commuter transport services">First class</a></li>

<li><a href="Sleeping_car" title="Sleeping car">Sleeper</a></li>

<li><a href="Standing_passenger" title="Standing passenger">Standing passenger</a></li>

<li><a href="Travel_class" title="Travel class">Travel class</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scheduling</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bus_bunching" title="Bus bunching">Bus bunching</a></li>

<li><a href="Clock-face_scheduling" title="Clock-face scheduling">Clock-face scheduling</a></li>

<li><a href="Headway" title="Headway">Headway</a></li>

<li><a href="Night_service_(public_transport)" title="Night service (public transport)">Night (owl) service</a></li>

<li><a href="On-time_performance" title="On-time performance">On-time performance</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_transport_timetable" title="Public transport timetable">Public transport timetable</a></li>

<li><a href="Short_turn" title="Short turn">Short turn</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Airport_security" title="Airport security">Airport security</a></li>

<li><a href="Complete_streets" title="Complete streets">Complete streets</a></li>

<li><a href="Green_transport_hierarchy" title="Green transport hierarchy">Green transport hierarchy</a></li>

<li><a href="Farebox_recovery_ratio" title="Farebox recovery ratio">Farebox recovery ratio</a>

<ul><li><a href="Rail_subsidies" title="Rail subsidies">Rail subsidies</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Public_transport_security" title="Public transport security">Security</a></li>

<li><a href="Street_hierarchy" title="Street hierarchy">Street hierarchy</a></li>

<li><a href="Transit_district" title="Transit district">Transit district</a></li>

<li><a href="Transit_police" title="Transit police">Transit police</a></li>

<li><a href="Transportation_authority" title="Transportation authority">Transportation authority</a></li>

<li><a href="Transportation_demand_management" title="Transportation demand management">Transportation demand management</a></li>

<li><a href="Transportation_planning" title="Transportation planning">Transportation planning</a>

<ul><li><a href="Transit-oriented_development" title="Transit-oriented development">Transit-oriented development (TOD)</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology<br> and signage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Destination_sign" title="Destination sign">Destination sign</a></li>

<li><a href="Passenger_information_system" title="Passenger information system">Passenger information system</a></li>

<li><a href="Platform_display" title="Platform display">Platform display</a></li>

<li><a href="Platform_screen_doors" title="Platform screen doors">Platform screen doors</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_public_transport_smart_cards" title="List of public transport smart cards">Smart cards</a>

<ul><li><a href="CIPURSE" title="CIPURSE">CIPURSE</a></li>

<li><a href="Calypso_(electronic_ticketing_system)" title="Calypso (electronic ticketing system)">Calypso</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Ticket_machine" title="Ticket machine">Ticket machine</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_transport_timetable" title="Public transport timetable">Timetable</a></li>

<li><a href="Transit_map" title="Transit map">Transit map</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Finnish_models_of_public_transport" title="Finnish models of public transport">Finnish models</a></li>

<li><a href="Karlsruhe_model" title="Karlsruhe model">Karlsruhe model</a></li>

<li><a href="Zurich_model" title="Zurich model">Zurich model</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Boarding_(transport)" title="Boarding (transport)">Boarding</a></li>

<li><a href="Bus_rapid_transit_creep" title="Bus rapid transit creep">Bus rapid transit creep</a></li>

<li><a href="Crush_load" title="Crush load">Crush load</a></li>

<li><a href="Dwell_time_(transportation)" title="Dwell time (transportation)">Dwell time</a></li>

<li><a href="Land_transport" title="Land transport">Land transport</a></li>

<li><a href="Outline_of_transport" title="Outline of transport">Outline of transport</a></li>

<li><a href="Passenger_load_factor" title="Passenger load factor">Passenger load factor</a></li>

<li><a href="Planka.nu" title="Planka.nu">Planka.nu</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_good_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public good (economics)">Public good</a></li>

<li><a href="Request_stop" title="Request stop">Request stop</a></li>

<li><a href="Service_(economics)" title="Service (economics)">Service</a></li>

<li><a href="Sustainable_transport" title="Sustainable transport">Sustainable transport</a></li>

<li><a href="Timing_point" title="Timing point">Timing point</a></li>

<li><a href="Transport_economics" title="Transport economics">Transport economics</a></li>

<li><a href="Micromobility" title="Micromobility">Micromobility</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> </span><a href="Portal%3ATransport" title="Portal:Transport">Transport portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bus_rapid_transit262" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Bus_rapid_transit262" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">Bus rapid transit</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="BRT_Standard" title="BRT Standard">Standard</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Articulated_bus" title="Articulated bus">Articulated bus</a></li>

<li><a href="Bi-articulated_bus" title="Bi-articulated bus">Bi-articulated bus</a></li>

<li><a href="Guided_bus" title="Guided bus">Guided Bus</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bombardier_Guided_Light_Transit" title="Bombardier Guided Light Transit">Guided Light Transit</a></li>

<li><a href="Autonomous_Rail_Rapid_Transit" title="Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit">Autonomous Rapid Transit</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">Trolleybus</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Systems<br>(<a href="List_of_bus_rapid_transit_systems" title="List of bus rapid transit systems">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Automatic_vehicle_location" title="Automatic vehicle location">Automatic vehicle location</a></li>

<li><a href="Bus_priority" class="mw-redirect" title="Bus priority">Bus priority</a></li>

<li><a href="Bus_rapid_transit_creep" title="Bus rapid transit creep">BRT creep</a></li>

<li><a href="Passenger_information_system" title="Passenger information system">Passenger information system</a></li>

<li><a href="Proof-of-payment" title="Proof-of-payment">Proof-of-payment</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Light_rail" title="Light rail">Light rail</a></li>

<li><a href="People_mover" title="People mover">People mover</a></li>

<li><a href="Rubber-tyred_metro" title="Rubber-tyred metro">Rubber-tyred metro</a></li>

<li><a href="Rubber-tyred_tram" title="Rubber-tyred tram">Rubber-tyred tram</a>

<ul><li><a href="Translohr" title="Translohr">Translohr</a></li></ul></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="skin-invert-image noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Portal%3ABuses" title="Portal:Buses">Buses portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5638#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1311" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5638#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1311" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4043533-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85018245">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="autobusy"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph118687&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Autobuses"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX525483">Spain</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007292397305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10636884">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/concept/9c513b5c-c94e-45b2-9405-7186f9c98c85">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-30" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Bus&oldid=1303272506">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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